Second-generation antihistamines (eg, cetirizine, loratadine)

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Image
ARACHIDONIC METABOLISM PATHWAY  Introduction Arachidonic Acid pathway describes the synthesis of different Prostanoids (PGs, TXs, Prostacyclin) and Leukotrienes, Cysteinyl Leukotrienes, and Lipoxanes. Steps of AA pathway Step – 01 (Activation of Phospholipase A 2 and release of Arachidonic Acid) Release of AA from phospholipid membrane is carried out by Phospholipase A2 Stimuli initiates the Ca+2 dependent translocation of cytosolic PLA2 to the membrane where it hydrolyses the AA and releases It into the cytosol. Step – 02 (Cyclooxygenase Pathway)  Arachidonic acid is converted to Prostaglandin G2 and Prostaglandin H2 catalyzed by Cyclooxygenase (COX-1 & COX-2) enzyme.  Prostaglandin H2 is then Converted to various Prostanoids by several enzymes- Thromboxane A2 ( Converted by Thromboxane A synthase )  Prostaglandin E2 ( Microsomal Prostaglandin E synthase and cytosolic prostaglandin E Synthase )  Prostaglandin F 2 alpha ( Prostaglandin F synthase ...
Read more
Image
 Classification of Fibrinolytic Agents based on their Target of Action  Based on the Target of Action. Fibrinolytic Drugs are classified into 3 generations- 1st Generation: Acts by Fibrinolysis + Fibrinogenolytic action (Non-selective)  Site of Action: Free Plasminogen and Fibrin found in Plasminogen (Less Specific).   Examples: Streptokinase, Urokinase Mode of Actio n:  Binds to Free Plasminogen: Depletes free fibrinogen (Fibrinogenolysis) Bleeding Complication  Binds to Fibrin bound Plasminogen: Fibrinolysis (Less Specific)  2nd Generation: Acts by mostly on Fibrinolysis (75 % Selective) Site of Action : Fibrin found in Plasminogen.  Examples : Alteplase  Mode of Action :  Binds with  Fibrin found in plasminogen (75%): Fibrinolysis  More Fibrin Specific (75%)  3rd Generation: Acts selectively on Fibrinolysis (Selective) Site of Action : Fibrin  bound Plasminogen.  Examples : Reteplase, Monteplase  M...
Read more
Image
In spite of its effective analgesic activity aspirin is used in prevention of formation of atherosclerotic disorder – explain why?? Aspirin , also known as  acetylsalicylic acid  ( ASA ), is a  nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug  (NSAID) used to reduce  pain ,  fever , and/or  inflammation , and as an  antithrombotic .   Aspirin is widely known for its analgesic (pain-relieving) properties, but it also plays a crucial role in the prevention of atherosclerotic disorders. Aspirin irreversibly inactivates the Cyclooxygenase Enzyme ( Prostaglandin Endoperoxide Synthase ) in the Arachidonic Acid Metabolism Pathway , and supress the production of Prostaglandin (PGs) and Thromboxane (TXs) and Prostacyclin ( Prostanoids ).  Atherosclerosis, also known as arteriosclerosis, is a condition where the arteries become thick and stiff due to the buildup of plaque. The plaque can also burst, leading to a blood clot.  ASPIRIN EFFECT ON PLAT...
Read more