Classification of Anticoagulant Drugs 





Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Image
Illustrate the mechanism of action of sulfonic urea used as oral hypoglycemic agents. Enumerate the role of insulin on glucose utilization. MOA of Sulfonyl Acid Derivatives Sulfonylureas ( Tolbutamide, Chlorpropamide ), a class of sulfonyl acid derivatives, have a significant action in lowering blood glucose levels in normal subjects and in  type 2 diabetics . The mechanism of action of sulfonylureas involves provoking a brisk release of insulin from the pancreas. MOA:  (1) They act on the so-called  ‘sulfonylurea receptors’ (SUR1)  on the pancreatic β cell membrane.  (2) This action causes  depolarization  by reducing the  conductance of ATP-sensitive K+ channels .  (Raised ATP production followed by raised Glucose also reduces the conductance of ATP sensitive K+ Channels) (3) This process enhances  Ca2+ influx  (Followed by the stimulation of Voltage sensitive Ca++ Channel)   and degranulation (followed by calcium dependent ...
Read more
Image
In spite of its effective analgesic activity aspirin is used in prevention of formation of atherosclerotic disorder – explain why?? Aspirin , also known as  acetylsalicylic acid  ( ASA ), is a  nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug  (NSAID) used to reduce  pain ,  fever , and/or  inflammation , and as an  antithrombotic .   Aspirin is widely known for its analgesic (pain-relieving) properties, but it also plays a crucial role in the prevention of atherosclerotic disorders. Aspirin irreversibly inactivates the Cyclooxygenase Enzyme ( Prostaglandin Endoperoxide Synthase ) in the Arachidonic Acid Metabolism Pathway , and supress the production of Prostaglandin (PGs) and Thromboxane (TXs) and Prostacyclin ( Prostanoids ).  Atherosclerosis, also known as arteriosclerosis, is a condition where the arteries become thick and stiff due to the buildup of plaque. The plaque can also burst, leading to a blood clot.  ASPIRIN EFFECT ON PLAT...
Read more
Image
Mode of action of Oral hypoglycemic Agents  Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, also known as gliflozins , are a class of oral hypoglycemic agents used to lower blood glucose levels in adults with type 2 diabetes. Examples: Dapagliflozin, Empagliflozin etc.   Mode of Action: They work by blocking the function of the SGLT2 protein within the kidneys (PCT, 90% glucose reabsorption). This protein is primarily tasked with the reabsorption of glucose from the glomerular ultrafiltrate .  By inhibiting SGLT2, these drugs prevent the reabsorption of glucose, leading to increased urinary glucose excretion. This mechanism corrects hyperglycemia independently of insulin. As a result, blood glucose levels are reduced.  Note: In addition to their glucose-lowering effect, SGLT2 inhibitors have been found to have benefits on cardiovascular and renal outcomes, independent of their effects on blood glucose. They may also promote weight loss and mo...
Read more